Khilafat Movement: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at a time when the Indian Muslims were extremely agitated over the pan-Islamic Khilafat issue, which originated as a result of Turkey’s entry into the First World War as an ally of Germany against Britain. The Sultan of Turkey, ruler of the vast Ottoman Empire, was the Caliph (or Khalifa) of the Islamic world. In the First World War, Turkey was defeated, Britain decided to weaken the position of Turkey and the Treaty of Sevres (August 10, 1920) was signed. The eastern part of the Turkish Empire such as Syria and Lebanon … Continue reading The Khilafat Movement, 1919-1920