{"id":8902,"date":"2020-09-19T08:33:31","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T08:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/?p=8902"},"modified":"2021-08-19T11:28:57","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T11:28:57","slug":"acid-rain-effects-and-control-measures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/acid-rain-effects-and-control-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"Acid Rain: Effects &#038; Control Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-662dcb35d2a11\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-662dcb35d2a11\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/acid-rain-effects-and-control-measures\/#What_is_Acid_Rain\" title=\"What is Acid Rain?\">What is Acid Rain?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/acid-rain-effects-and-control-measures\/#Effects_of_Acid_Rain\" title=\"Effects of Acid Rain:\">Effects of Acid Rain:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/acid-rain-effects-and-control-measures\/#Control_of_Acid_Rain\" title=\"Control of Acid Rain:\">Control of Acid Rain:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Acid_Rain\"><\/span>What is Acid Rain?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Those gases which combine with water to form acids are called <strong>acidic gases<\/strong>. Examples of acidic gases are <strong>sulfur dioxide<\/strong> (&nbsp;<strong>SO\u2082<\/strong>) and <strong>nitrogen dioxide<\/strong> (<strong>NO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>). The sulfur dioxide gas present in polluted air forms<strong> sulfuric acid <\/strong>(<strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong>) whereas nitrogen dioxide gas present in polluted air forms <strong>nitric acid <\/strong>(<strong>HNO\u2083<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the &#8216;<strong>acids<\/strong>&#8216; formed from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide present in air dissolve in rainwater and fall on the earth, we call it <strong>acid rain<\/strong>. This is because due to the presence of acids in it, the rainwater becomes slightly acidic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the atmosphere, these acids are deposited over the earth in two forms i.e. wet and dry. Wet deposition occurs on the earth in the form of rain, snow or fog whereas Dry deposition refers to settling down of windblown acidic gases (Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur Oxides) and other particles in a dry state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainwater is turned acidic when its <strong>pH falls below 5.6<\/strong>. In fact, clean or natural rainwater has a <strong>pH of 5.6 at 20\u00baC<\/strong> because of the formation of carbonic acid due to the dissolution of CO<sub>2<\/sub> in water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The term acid rain was coined by <strong>Robert Angus<\/strong> (<strong>1872<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effects_of_Acid_Rain\"><\/span>Effects of Acid Rain:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Aquatic life especially fish are badly affected by <strong>lake acidification<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Aquatic animals suffer from the toxicity of metals such as aluminum, mercury, manganese, zinc, and lead which leak from the surrounding rocks due to acid rain. <strong>Dissolved aluminum is known to clog gills of fish<\/strong>. Birds dependent on aquatic animals are also killed. Such lakes come to have only some algae and fungi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It damages foliage and weaken trees.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It makes trees more susceptible to stresses like cold temperature, <a href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/disaster-management-for-cse-exam\/#Droughts\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"drought (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\"><strong>drought<\/strong><\/a>, etc Many insects and fungi are more tolerant of acidic conditions and hence they can attack the susceptible trees and cause diseases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Spoilage of Human Assets:<\/strong> Marble structures, limestone structures, metallic articles, jewellery, textiles, and paintings are spoiled by acid rain. This happens due to the corroding effect of acids on metals through the formation of sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides. Paintings are decolorized. Jewellery is similarly affected. Marble and limestone are made of <strong>CaCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>. It is insoluble in water. Acid rain changes <strong>CaCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong> into <strong>CaSO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong> and <strong>CaNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>. The chemicals are soluble and are washed away or peeled off. This results in pitting and <strong>corrosion<\/strong> of these structures.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Acidification<\/strong> can play havoc with<a aria-label=\" human nervous (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/nervous-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rank-math-link\"> <strong>human nervous<\/strong><\/a>, respiratory, and <a aria-label=\"digestive systems (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/digestion-process-in-human-beings\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rank-math-link\"><strong>digestive systems<\/strong><\/a> by making the persons easy prey to neurological diseases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Biological Fixation in the soil is affected by acid rain.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Soil fertility and aeration are also reduced. Toxic chemicals destroy earthworms and nematodes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Control_of_Acid_Rain\"><\/span>Control of Acid Rain:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Emission of  <strong>SO\u2082<\/strong> and  <strong>NO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong> from industries and power plants should be reduced by using pollution control equipments.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Liming of lakes and soils should be done to correct the adverse effects of acid rain.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A coating of a protective layer of inert polymer should be given in the interior of water pipes for drinking water.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-wp-embed is-provider-gk-scientist wp-block-embed-gk-scientist\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"BCYBsumnbW\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/air-pollution-causes-effects-and-control-measures\/\">Air Pollution: Causes, Effects, &#038; Control Measures<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Air Pollution: Causes, Effects, &#038; Control Measures&#8221; &#8212; GK SCIENTIST\" src=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/air-pollution-causes-effects-and-control-measures\/embed\/#?secret=tjm4Ls4n2v#?secret=BCYBsumnbW\" data-secret=\"BCYBsumnbW\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#e9fbe5\"><tbody><tr><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/constituents-of-air-and-their-uses-for-cds-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Constituents Of Air And Their Uses<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wildlife-protection-act-1972-for-ias-exam\/\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Protection Of Wildlife \/ Wildlife Protection Act, 1972<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/water-pollution-causes-effects-and-control-measure\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Water Pollution- Causes, Effects, and Control Measures<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/ozone-layer-depletion-or-ozone-hole\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Ozone Layer Depletion or Ozone Hole<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/solid-waste-management-for-cse-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Solid Waste Management<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/important-biogeochemical-cycles\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Important Biogeochemical Cycles<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/renewable-and-non-renewable-energy-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/17ggAORfl5YRRIdwWGXZGXojnv3ysgP7E\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Environmental Issues<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Acid Rain? Those gases which combine with water to form acids are called acidic gases. Examples of acidic gases are sulfur dioxide (&nbsp;SO\u2082) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The sulfur dioxide gas present in polluted air forms sulfuric acid (H2SO4) whereas nitrogen dioxide gas present in polluted air forms nitric acid (HNO\u2083). When the &#8216;acids&#8216; formed from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide present in air dissolve in rainwater and fall on the earth, we call it acid rain. This is because due to the presence of acids in it, the rainwater becomes slightly acidic. From the atmosphere, these acids <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[387,388,3193,389,3192],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gkscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/acid-rain.jpg?fit=350%2C270&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8902"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8902\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gkscientist.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}