Author: Gk Scientist
Rate Law Equation for the First Order Reaction: Consider the general reaction- A ———-> Products Let the initial concentration of ‘A’ is ‘a’ moles per litre, i.e. when t = 0 sec. Suppose after time ‘t’ second, ‘x’ moles of products are formed, then the concentration of reactant ‘A’ after ‘t’ second is (a – x) …
Rate Equation for the Zero Order Reaction: Consider the general reaction- A ———-> Products Let 0 be the initial concentration of ‘A’ and is the concentration at time ‘t’ sec. As it is a zero-order reaction- Rate = -d/dt = k° = k0 = k0 dt ………(i) Integrating both sides of the equation (i), we get+ …
Rate of Reaction and Reaction Rate Constant: The following are the points of difference between the rate of reaction and reaction rate constant- Rate of Reaction Reaction Rate Constant It is measured as the rate of change of concentration of any reactant or product. It is a constant of proportionality. It depends upon the concentration of …
Theories of Chemical Kinetics: Arrhenius Equation is a purely experimental equation that gives a reasonably good representation of temperature depending on the rate constant. There are two common theories of reaction rates leading to the formation of the Arrhenius Equation. They are- Collision Theory. Transition State Theory. Collision Theory: This theory considers that the collision between …
Activation Energy and Activated Complex: The excess of energy (over and above the average energy of the reactant), which must be supplied to the reactants to undergo chemical reactions, is called activation energy (Ea) and is the difference between the threshold energy needed for the reaction to the average kinetic energy of all the reacting molecules, …
Arrhenius Equation: Quantitatively, the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction and hence on the rate constant (k) was proposed by Arrhenius in 1889 called Arrhenius Equation. This equation is- k = Ae-Ea/RT Where A = Frequency Factor, Ea = Activation Energy, R = Gas Constant, T = Temperature In this equation, the factor e-Ea/RT …
Increase in the Rate of the Reaction with Temperature: According to the collision theory of chemical reaction, the rate of reaction depends upon- Collision Frequency (Z). Fraction of Effective Collisions (f). The effect on these two quantities, which affect the rate of reaction, by a change in temperature is described below- (1) Increase in Collision Frequency- …
Order of Reaction and Molecularity of Reaction: The following are the points of difference between the order of reaction and molecularity of reaction. Order of Reaction Molecularity of Reaction It is the number of reacting molecules whose concentration actually changes during the reaction. It is the number of reacting species as indicated by the balanced chemical …
Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction: The rate of any particular reaction depends upon the following factors- Concentration of Reactants- The rate of reaction depends upon the concentration of the reactants. This is clear from the Law of mass action, according to which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the active mass or molar …
Determination of Rate Law, Rate Constant and Order of Reaction: Different experimental methods used for the determination of the rate law, rate constant and order of reaction are briefly described below- (1) Graphical Method- This method can be used when there is only one type of reactant. It is hit and trial method. Example- Consider the …
