Vitamins-Sources and Deficiency Diseases: Vitamins- Vitamins as the name suggest are vital minerals for life. These are organic compounds which are essential for normal metabolism of body cell though they neither supply energy nor serve as a building material. Vitamin free diet causes certain diseases and may even cause death. These are not synthesised by the …
Kabir and Guru Nanak: Kabir (1440-1518): Unfortunately, nothing very definite is known about the early life of Kabir, who lived either towards the close of the fourteenth century or at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Kabir made earnest efforts to create a spirit of harmony between the Hindus and the Muslims. According to tradition, he …
Noise Pollution: Noise Pollution is a direct result of technological development. Noise, with its ever-increasing effects on human beings and on the environment, is defined as an acoustic fact which is unpleasant and arouses disturbing feeling or as the totality of unwanted, undesired sounds. The human ear is constantly being assailed by man-made sound from all …
Soil Erosion & Soil Conservation Measures: What is Soil? The surface material covering much of the earth, composed of the minerals, particles, humus, water, air, in which plants can grow is called soil. It is the loose material forming the upper layer of the earth’s crust. It is formed slowly over a longer period by chemical …
Air Pollution: Air pollution means the spreading of harmful substances in the air. Such harmful or undesirable substances are called pollutants. Air pollution is generally referred to as the contamination of air that results from the activities of man. The burning of substances generally cause pollution. All fuels contain carbon which on burning in air produces …
The Importance of Trifles: Trifles, light as air, sometimes produce results as big as Colossus. Daily we waste minutes and hours as things of no importance, yet these trifles make up the whole life. If we waste a few minutes a day, they total up to years after many years. A person who spends a few …
What are Coupled Reactions? For the spontaneity of a reaction, ΔG must be negative. There are some reactions, for which the value of ΔG is positive and therefore, these reactions are non-spontaneous. These reactions can be made spontaneous if these reactions are carried by coupling with some other reactions having very large negative Gibbs energy value …
Significance of Gibbs Free Energy Change: ΔG is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. Gibbs energy change is also related to useful work other than pressure-volume work that can be obtained from the system. It can be shown that Gibbs energy of a process is equal to maximum possible useful work that can …
Mohammad Iqbal Philosophy: (1) Universe- The Universe is designed to serve as the theatre of man’s growing and manifold activity. It is not a finished product that has left the hands of God. It is not predetermined. It is growing, advancing and has the capacity for infinite growth and development. It is not a complete truth. …
Mohammad Iqbal: Iqbal was born on 22nd February 1873 in a Muslim family of Sialkot, now in Pakistan. It had migrated from Kashmir. His father Sheikh Nur Mohammad was a trader. He did his M.A. in Philosophy from Govt. College Lahore in 1899, took his Honours Degree in Philosophy from Cambridge, his doctorate from the University …
Verb Tenses: 1:- The Tense of a Verb shows the time, state and degree of the completion of the action. There are three main Tenses- (I) The Present Tense, which shows that the action is done at the present time; as, I go to school. (II) The Past Tense, which shows that the action was done …
Effect of Temperature on Feasibility of a Process: According to Gibbs Helmholtz equation, ΔG = ΔH – TΔS. The magnitude of ΔH does not change much with the change in temperature. But the factor TΔS changes appreciably with the change in temperature. Thus, the magnitude of ΔG is influenced by the change in temperature. The effect …
Gibbs Free Energy: J. Willard Gibbs has introduced the term free energy to predict the direction of spontaneity. Gibbs energy of a system is defined as, “the maximum amount of energy available to a system during a process that can be converted into useful work”. In other words, it is a thermodynamic quantity that is a …
Crystal Field Theory: This theory was developed by Hans Bethe (1929) and John Van Vleck (1932). The main postulates of this theory are- (1) According to this theory there exist an electrostatic force of attraction between the metal ion and ligand i.e. this theory consider the ionic bond between metal ion and ligand. (2) The interactions …
Organometallic Compounds: Organometallic chemistry constitutes one of the most important areas of chemistry that unites the field of inorganic and organic chemistry together. As the name implies, organometallic compounds contain both a metal component as well as an organic component. Organometallic chemistry is that branch of chemistry that deals with compounds containing at least one direct …
