Applications of Computer:
In the 1950s, computers were giant, special-purpose machines that were used by huge institutions like governments and universities. And they were used for performing complex numerical tasks such as calculating the precise orbit of Mars or planning the trajectories of missiles etc.
In the 1960s, the business world started using computers for commercial purposes. In the 1970s, the invention of the personal computer revolutionized the world and today computers are being used in nearly every field of life.
Some major applications of computers are being listed below:
(1) Applications of Computers in Business- Budgeting, accounting, sales & marketing, manufacturing, human resource development, reporting, presentations, office automation, etc. are the main applications of computers in Business. Any time you go to the bank, or to the railway reservation counter or to pay an electricity or phone bill, you are benefitting from the power and speed of computers.
(2) Applications of Computers in Medicine and Health Care- In the field of medicine, computers are used for diagnosing illness, monitoring patients, curing ailments, surgery, etc. For example- a pacemaker is a little computer, which is fixed inside patients having heart problems. Scanning body organs by Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines. Doing various clinical tests on blood, urine, stool, etc. in a laboratory. Providing help to physically disabled persons. Another improvement in the medical field is telemedicine. In telemedicine, you can access medical care centers using computer videoconferencing. Also, medical students learning surgery can practice operations on computers through virtual reality.
(3) Applications of Computers in Communications- Computers provide data communication facilities to geographically separated offices through networking. They are used to transmit all forms of data and information, including digital data, voice, sound, and video from one location to another over some form of transmission media. The major application areas of computers in the field of data communications and telecommunications are networking & client/server computing; Internet, Intranet & Extranet; data communication systems; teleconferencing systems, etc.
(4) Applications of Computers in Education- Computers are extensively used as a medium for education. Computers are used to provide online training on various subjects through computer networks. It has become an important part of education curricula. Most schools now impart computer education; this includes learning computer basics as well as advanced topics in computers.
(5) Applications of Computer in Engineering- Computers are used to develop (Computer Aided Design) and manufacture (Computer Aided Manufacturing) products. The Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system helps in designing various products such as cuboids and cylinders. Once the designing part is over, a Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system is used to manufacture the products, particularly when manufacturing is performed using robots.
(6) Applications of Computers in Banking and Finance Sectors- Computers are used extensively in banking and financial sectors (especially the stock market) to maintain accounts and other related information. Also, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) provided by banks use computers as a technology to interact with customers. These machines are used to withdraw, deposit cash and cheque and know the account information. In addition, banks use the Internet to provide online services such as account information, transferring cash, and much more.
(7) Applications of Computers in Entertainment- Besides commercial, scientific, industrial, or professional purposes, computers also provide entertainment to the user. Nowadays, much special application software is available which can entertain you. The popular entertainment software available for PCs are computer games programs; graphics software; multimedia and animation software; internet web pages and chatting etc.
(8) Applications of Computers in Advertisements- Computers are widely used by advertising agencies to make visually impressive advertisements. This includes print media and electronic media advertisements. For example, advertisement agencies use computer graphics to digitally create and modify television advertisements and internet advertisements. Examples of internet advertisements are banner ads, search engine results pages, social networking ads, online classified ads, pop-ups, and contextual ads.
(9) Applications of Computers in Law Enforcement- Computers are used to store a large database of stolen cars. The police can access information like the owner of the car, car license number, and other relevant information within seconds. Traffic police use speed cameras, which are nothing but computers embedded within cameras to monitor people violating laws. More advanced techniques are also used by police. For instance, the DNA fingerprinting technique can positively identify someone with the help of blood, skin, or hair samples collected from a crime site, thereby helping to confirm the guilt or innocence of the accused.
(10) Applications of Computers in Military Organisations- Military personnel also make use of computers well for their crucial tasks like computing the trajectory of missiles, determining the weather conditions for their aircraft to take off, broadcasting information, etc. Using computers, pilotless warplanes have been developed which can be used during wartime. Similarly, missiles and submarines have been developed which are controlled by computers.
(11) Applications of Computers in Research and Development- Some applications of computers in research and development are-
- Intricate molecules are designed, diagrammed, and manipulated using computers.
- The effects of earthquakes on buildings can be predicted using computers.
- How pollution will affect weather can be predicted using computers.
- Cyclones can be predicted in areas 2-3 days before their occurrence.
- The impact of nuclear tests can be studied using computers, without actually carrying out the nuclear tests.
- Outer space, solar systems, and the cosmos are explored using computers.
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