Difference between Sigma and Pi Bond:
The following are the points of difference between Sigma and Pi Bond.
Sigma Bond | Pi Bond |
---|---|
This bond is formed by the overlap of orbitals along their internuclear axis (end to end overlap). | This is formed by sideway overlapping of orbitals (lateral overlapping). |
This bond is formed by overlapping between S-S, S-P or P-P orbitals. | This bond is formed by the overlap of P-P orbitals only. |
Overlapping is quite large and hence Sigma bond is a strong bond. | Overlapping is to a small extent. Hence Pi bond is a weak bond. |
There is a free rotation of atoms around the Sigma bond. | There is no free rotation of atoms around the Pi bond. |
This bond may be present between the atoms either alone or along with Pi bond. | This bond can never be present alone. It is formed after the formation of the Sigma bond. |
The shape of a molecule is determined by Sigma framework around the central atom. | The shape of a molecule is not determined by the Pi framework. |
Electron cloud in this case is symmetrical about the line joining the two nuclei. | Electron cloud of Pi bond is unsymmetrical. |
Sigma bond consists of only one electron cloud, symmetrical about the inter-nuclear axis. | Pi bond consists of two-electron clouds, one is above the plane of atomic nuclei and the other below it. |
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