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Physics

Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature

Gk Scientist June 2, 2022 No Comments
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Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature:

Let us take a copper-iron thermocouple, with a galvanometer G in the circuit.

Keep the temperature of the cold junction fixed at 0°C.

Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature Diagram - Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature

Now the temperature of hot junction A is gradually changed (increased) and at each time thermo e.m.f is noted. After then, a graph is plotted between the temperature of the hot junction and the thermo e.m.f. The graph is shown in the figure.

Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature Graph - Variation of Thermo EMF with Temperature

From the graph, we note that:

  • When both the junctions are at the same temperature (0°C), then thermo e.m.f. is also zero.
  • As the temperature of the hot junction increases, thermo e.m.f. also increases, till it becomes maximum.
  • The temperature at which thermo e.m.f. becomes maximum is called neutral temperature. It is represented by Tn.
  • When the temperature of the hot junction is increased beyond neutral temperature; thermo e.m.f. starts decreasing instead of increasing.
  • At another particular temperature of the hot junction, the thermo e.m.f. becomes zero on heating slightly further, the direction of thermo e.m.f. is reversed.

This temperature of the hot junction at which the thermo e.m.f becomes zero and just beyond, the thermo e.m.f. reverses its direction, is called temperature of inversion (Ti). Further, Ti is as much above the neutral temperature (Tn) as the temperature of the cold junction (Tc) lies below the neutral temperature (Tn) i.e.

(Tn – Tc ) = (Ti – Tn)
⇒ 2Tn = Ti + Tc
⇒ Tn = (Ti + Tc)/2

Heating Effect of Current or Joule’s LawPrimary Cells- Dry Cell and Mercury Cell
Seebeck EffectHydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell
Torque on Bar Magnet in Magnetic FieldElectrochemical Cell (Galvanic Cell or Voltaic Cell)
Hysteresis LossMagnetism– Tamil Board
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