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Physics

AC Generator or Dynamo

Gk Scientist September 22, 2022 No Comments
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Table of Contents

  • What is AC Generator?
  • Principle of AC Generator:
  • Construction of AC Generator:
  • Working and Theory of AC Generator:

What is AC Generator?

It is a device, which produces alternating current energy from mechanical energy. The generator was originally designed by N. Tesla.

Principle of AC Generator:

AC Generator is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction i.e. when the magnetic flux is linked with coil changes, an induced EMF is produced in the coil. The direction of induced EMF produced is given by Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule.

Dynamo or AC Generator - AC Generator or Dynamo

Construction of AC Generator:

An AC Generator consists of the following parts-

(1) Armature- ABCD is rectangular armature coil. It consists of a large number of turns of insulated copper wire bounded over a soft iron core.

(2) Field Magnets- N and S are the pole pieces of a strong electromagnet. The armature coil is rotated between the pole pieces N and S.

(4) Split Rings- R1 and R2 are called split rings. The ends of the armature coil are connected with them.

(4) Brushes- B1 and B2 are two brushes. They are fixed and kept in light contact with R1 and R2. The purpose of the brushes is to pass on current from the armature coil to the external load resistance R.

Working and Theory of AC Generator:

When the armature coil is rotated in the magnetic field, magnetic flux linked with the coil changes, and hence induced EMF is produced in the coil.

To start with, suppose the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the plane of the paper, with side AB at the front and side CD at the back. Now as the coil is rotated anticlockwise, AB moves inwards and CD moves outwards. Due to this, rotation of the coil, magnetic flux linked with the coil changes, and hence induced current are produced in the coil. According to Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule, the direction of current inside AB is from A to B and the direction of current inside CD is from C to D. Also, the direction of current through external resistance R is from Y to X.

After half the rotation, the side AB is at the back and the side CD is at the front. Now, as the coil is rotated further in an anticlockwise direction, CD moves inwards and AB moves outwards. Due to this rotation of the coil, magnetic flux linked with the coil changes, and hence induced current is produced in the coil. According to Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule, the direction of induced current inside CD is from D to C and the direction of current inside AB is from B to A. Also, the direction of current through external resistance R is from X to Y, and so on.

Hence the induced current in the external resistance R changes direction after every half rotation of the coil. Hence induced current produced is alternating in nature.

Let N = Number of turns of the coil
A = Area of each turn of coil
Strength of magnetic field e1663775383531 - AC Generator or Dynamo
angle which normal to the coil makes with magnetic field - AC Generator or Dynamo

We know magnetic flux linked with coil is given by
magnetic flux linked with coil - AC Generator or Dynamo
⇒ Φ = NBA cos θ
⇒ Φ = NBA cos ωt [where θ = ωt]

According to Faraday’s 2nd law of Electromagnetic Induction,
e = – dΦ/dt
⇒ e = – d (NBA cos ωt)/dt
⇒ e = -NBA [d (cos ωt)/dt]
⇒ e = -NBA [-ω sin ωt]
⇒ e = NBA ω sin ωt

But NBAω = e0 = Maximum value of induced EMF
⇒ e = e0 sin ωt

Also, the variation of induced EMF with time is shown in fig.

An alternating emf is generated by a loop of wire rotating in a magnetic field. - AC Generator or Dynamo

Also, we know
I = e/R
⇒ I = e0 sin ωt/R
Put e0/R = I0 = Maximum value of current
⇒ I = I0 sin ωt
This is current produced in AC Generator.

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