Formation of Adjectives

Formation of Adjectives:

Adjectives From Nouns:

(a) Adjectives ending in “al“:

NounsAdjectives
AccidentAccidental
AdditionAdditional
AdjectiveAdjectival
AdverbAdverbial
AgricultureAgricultural
AutumnAutumnal
Ceremony Ceremonial
ClerkClerical
ConditionConditional
EmperorImperial
EnemyInimical
EssenceEssential
FaceFacial
FinanceFinancial
FocusFocal
FractionFractional
GeometryGeometrical
GeographyGeographical
GrammarGrammatical
HorizonHorizontal
InfluenceInfluential
LineLineal
MalariaMalarial
MedicineMedical, Medicinal
MethodMethodical
MilitaryMartial
MusicMusical
NameNominal
OrnamentOrnamental
PalacePalatial
ParentParental
PoetPoetical
ProverbProverbial
TutorTutorial
TypeTypical

Similarly- (Habit) Habitual; (herb) herbal; (History) Historical also historic; (industry) industrial; (law) legal; (origin) original; (picture) pictorial; (prejudice) prejudicial; (use) usual; (viceroy) viceregal; (voice) vocal; (word) Verbal; etc.

(b) Adjectives ending in “full“:

NounsAdjectives
AweAwful
BeautyBeautiful
DelightDelightful
DutyDutiful
FancyFanciful
FaithFaithful
MercyMerciful
SkillSkilful
WillWilful

Similarly- Careful; cheerful; fateful; fearful; graceful; harmful; hopeful; needful; painful; peaceful; playful; powerful; respectful; sorrowful; tasteful; thoughtful; useful; wishful; wonderful; etc.

(c) Adjectives ending in “ary“:

NounsAdjectives
CustomCustomary
DisciplineDisciplinary
ExampleExemplary
MoneyMonetary

Similarly- (Sanitation) sanitary; (honour) honorary; (moment) momentary; (solitude) solitary; etc.

(d) Adjectives ending in “y“:

NounsAdjectives
AirAiry
AngerAngry
BloodBloody
BushBushy
CloudCloudy
DirtDirty

Similarly- Dusty; (ease) easy; faulty; (fire) fiery; fishy; fleshy; foggy; flowery; (fun) funny; grassy; gloomy; guilty; hairy; handy; hearty; healthy; hilly; horny; (hunger) hungry; (ice) icy; leafy; milky; mighty; (noise) noisy; oily; papery; rainy; risky; rocky; (rose) rosy; sandy; silvery; (smoke) smoky; snowy; (star) starry; (stone) stony; stormy; thirsty; (sun) sunny; (winter) wintry; worthy; (word) wordy; watery; windy; etc.

(e) Adjectives ending in “ic“:

NounsAdjectives
AlgebraAlgebraic
AngelAngelic
AsiaAsiatic
AtmosphereAtmospheric
DramaDramatic
HeroHeroic
HistoryHistoric
IdiomIdiomatic
MajestyMajestic
MetalMetallic
PatriotPatriotic
ScienceScientific
TragedyTragic

Similarly- (Comedy) comic; characteristic; (prose) prosaic; (school) scholastic; etc.

(f) Adjectives ending in “ish“:

NounsAdjectives
BlackBlackish
BookBookish
ChildChildish
DogDoggish

Similarly- (England) English; boyish; feverish; foolish; girlish; slavish; womanish; etc.

Note 1: Adjectives ending in “ish are used in a bad sense. But Adjectives ending in “like” are used in a good sense; as,

  • Childish- having the bad qualities of a child, like an irresponsibility, lies, etc.
  • Childlike- having the good qualities of a child, like innocence, frankness, etc.

Note 2: “ish” added to an Adjective gives the sense of slight, rather a little; as,

  • He is feeling feverish (slight fever) today.

(g) Adjectives ending in “like“:

NounsAdjectives
ChildChildlike
LadyLadylike

Similarly- Doglike; warlike; etc.

(h) Adjectives ending in “ate“:

NounsAdjectives
AffectionAffectionate
FortuneFortunate

Similarly- (college) collegiate; passionate; etc.

(i) Other Adjectives:

NounsAdjectives
AngleAngular
GlobeGlobular
JokeJocular
MuscleMuscular
PeoplePopular
EastEastern
WestWestern
NorthNorthern
SouthSouthern
BurdenBurdensome
QuarrelQuarrelsome
TroubleTroublesome, Troublous
GoldGolden
SilkSilken
WoolWoollen
WoodWooden
DistanceDistant
IntelligenceIntelligent
ElephantElephantine
AmericaAmerican
EuropeEuropean
AmericaAmerican
FranceFrench
ChinaChinese
RussiaRussian
JewJewish
IndiaIndian
MerchantMercantile
PrideProud
SerpentSerpentine
ViolenceViolent
PraisePraiseworthy
TrustTrustworthy
FamineFamished
LandLanded
LimitLimited

(j) Adjectives ending in “less“:

NounsAdjectives
HarmHarmless
HomeHomeless

Similarly- Houseless; hopeless; lawless; lifeless; limitless; meaningless; merciless; needless; pitiless; powerless; senseless; sightless; sleepless; thoughtless; useless; worthless; etc.

(k) Adjectives ending in “ly”:

NounsAdjectives
BrotherBrotherly
DayDaily
CostCostly
DeadDeadly

Similarly- Cowardly; Earthly; fatherly; motherly; sisterly; friendly; Godly; heavenly; homely; hourly; kingly; lovely; maidenly; manly; mannerly; monthly; only; neighbourly; princely; queenly; saintly; scholarly; rightly; timely; weekly; womanly; worldly; yearly; etc.

(l) Adjectives ending in “ous“:

NounsAdjectives
AdventureAdventurous
AnxietyAnxious
CeremonyCeremonious, Ceremonial
EnvyEnvious
FuryFurious
GraceGracious
LabourLaborious
LustreLustrous
LuxuryLuxurious
MeritMeritorious
MomentMomentous, Momentary
MysteryMysterious
OfficeOfficious; Official
PricePrecious
ReligionReligious
SpaceSpacious
StudyStudious
VirtueVirtuous

Similarly- Advantageous; courageous; dangerous; poisonous; ruinous; etc.

(m) Adjectives ending in “able“:

NounsAdjectives
AgreementAgreeable
CharityCharitable
ComfortComfortable
FavourFavourable
HonourHonourable; Honorary
MarriageMarriageable

Similarly- Noticeable; (note) notable; pardonable; (pity) pitiable; profitable; questionable; respectable; (value) valuable; etc.

(n) Adjectives ending in “ve“:

NounsAdjectives
AbuseAbusive
EducationEducative
DefectDefective
ExpenseExpensive

Similarly- Plaintive; progressive; talkative.

Adjectives From Verbs:

VerbsAdjectives
AccountAccountable
DrinkDrinkable
EatEatable
PrizePrecious
TireTiresome
WorkWorkable

Adjectives From Adjectives:

AdjectivesAdjectives
BlackBlackish
BlueBluish
CleanCleanly
ComicComical
FiveFivefold
RedReddish
SickSickly
TragicTragical
TenTenfold
WhiteWhitish
WholeWholesome
YellowYellowish

Some Foreign Adjectives:

NounsAdjectives
BodyCorporal (physical), Corporeal (having body)
BrotherFraternal (brotherly)
CatFeline (cat-like)
CityCivic
Daughter or SonFilial
DeathMortal
DogCanine (dog-like)
EarthTerrestrial
EastOriental
EggOval (egg-shaped)
EndFinal
EyeOcular
FatherPaternal
FlowerFloral
FootPedal
FriendAmicable (friendly)
GodDivine (Godly)
HairCapillary
HandManual
Hearing Audible
HeavenCelestial
HellInfernal
HomeDomestic (household)
Husband or WifeConjugal
KingRoyal or Regal
MaleMasculine
ManHuman
MarriageMatrimonial or Nuptial
MindMental
MoonLunar
MotherMaternal
MouthOral
NameNominal
NoseNasal
PlaceLocal
SaltSaline
SeaMarine
ShipNaval
SideLateral
SightVisible
SpringVernal (of the spring season)
HeadCapital
HeartCordial (sincere)
TownUrban
Village or Country-sideRural
WaterAquatic
WarMartial
WestOccidental (western)
SunSolar
ToothDental
WillVoluntary
Woman or FemaleFeminine
WordVerbal
WorldMundane
YearAnnual
YouthJuvenile

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